Enterobacter Aerogenes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Enterobacter Aerogenes - Essay Example In the meantime it becomes imperative for physicians and surgeons to be vary of selecting the right antibiotic to combat these rogue organisms which play tantrums with them, at times, to the detriment of the patients. One of the most notorious groups of organisms is the Gram -ve bacteria, the most prominent among them being the Enterobacteriaceae. Enterobacter is a gram-negative bacillus that belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Other members of this family include Klebsiella, Escherichia, Citrobacter, Serratia, Salmonella, and Shigella species, among many others. Enterobacteriaceae are the most common bacterial isolates recovered from clinical specimens. Enterobacter aerogenes is a species found in water, soil, sewage, dairy products, and the faeces of man and other animals. Organisms previously identified as motile strains of Aerobacter aerogenes are now placed in this species. They also have a synonym as Klebsiella mobilis. As part of the Enterobacteriaceae family, Enterobacter aerogenes is related to E. coli and salmonella. In terms of size, E. aerogenes is smaller than many of its microbial cousins, but its occurrence in hospitals and resistance to antibiotics have made it of particular importance. As E. aerogenes continues to evolve new strains, it will continue to pose challenges to the biomedical community. As a facultative anaerobe, it thrives in environments with little or no oxygen, such as soil, sewage and feces. Enterobacter aerogenes is a Gram negative rod-shaped bacterium in the same family as Esherichia coli. It can grow on many of the same selective media as Esherichia coli, including: MacConkey Agar, EMB agar and Lauryl-Tryptose broth. E. aerogenes ferments lactose, producing acid and gas like Esherichia coli and is classified as an example of coliform bacteria. E. aerogenes grows better at temperatures between 34 - 40 degrees C. E. aerogenes carries out 2,3-butanediol fermentation and thus give a positive test in the Voges-Proskauer test while E. coli is negative. E.coli is positive for the indole test while E. aerogenes is negative, this is a very reliable test. 5 E. aerogenes can grow on Simmon's citrate agar while E. coli does not. There are a lot of similarities between Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumonia. The urease test is one of the few tests that distinguishes E. aerogenes from K. pneumonia. . Klebsiella is positive for urease production while Enterobacter is negative. In the microbiology laboratory, colonies of Enterobacteriaceae appear large, dull-gray, and dry or mucoid on sheep blood agar. All Enterobacteriaceae ferment glucose and, consequently, are able to grow in aerobic and anaerobic atmospheres. MacConkey agar is a lactose-containing medium that is selective for nonfastidious gram-negative bacilli such as Enterobacteriaceae. Using the enzymes beta-galactosidase and beta-galactoside permeases, the most frequently encountered species of Enterobacter strains

Learning and Development (HRM) Managing Training Operations in Essay

Learning and Development (HRM) Managing Training Operations in Training Department - Essay Example By employing this kind of method for training, the training department can cut down costs of hiring an external trainer to do so. The coaching/mentoring method that is being used here is one of the most efficient and easiest of imparting training to the employees, while having no loss faced by the usual traffic of work. In this method a trained senior officer is attached to the trainee, this way the trainee can get hold of his own mistakes and learn from the teachings of the trainer. In this case study, we can see that the intended trainee is attached with the senior trainer, who ends up getting those technical courses. This is although a slow method, but it produces better results than other kind of training. Through this kind of training the trainee grasps the ropes of the trade far more easily and as well as realistically because the person is attached to the experts and there can learn very easily as you are getting the training through practitioners themselves. In this case the trainees gain a hand on experience as to what is right and what is wrong, what should be avoided while imparting training and what tactics and techniques to be used to make the training more affective. The best way to learn about anything is to learn through the practical application of the thing and here the trainers get that experience by being attached to a senior trainer, this will help them observe the way they are giving out training and help them in realizing the key points, that should be taken care of while giving the training. This method is a slow method of training personnel, but in this case it is the most suitable method that the company can use. The other types of training methods are case study method, briefing, in basket training, job instructions training and the job rotation. All these training methods are very subjective sort of methods, while coaching and mentoring can prove to be quite helpful as it would be by far the most practical approach to guide the train ers to be trained for the more technical courses. Such practice will also help create a level of equality among the trainers with respect to the choice of courses and the freedom to select any course that they want rather than doing the one that is left for them. This method is also cost effective as the company does not need to hire extra trainers or other equipments that will facilitate the training process. The coaching and mentoring method will prove to be more useful because the trainees will be able to get hold of the subject quite easily. It is mentioned in the case that the trainees are handed over the materials in advance so that they can prepare for the class. They are given three days to prepare and apply their own learning as trainers to look for innovative ideas, The training that is being imparted here is in-house and work-specific, which means that the training is being done to improve the skill sets of the employees and to enhance the level of understanding. Work spe cific training are usually skill up gradation techniques as the trainees here possess skills to impart training the only thing that they lack is the prowess to handle the technical training course which was generally avoided by them. Word count: 597 1.1 How are different learning styles taken into account? According to the case the model that has been applied is the learning style model by David Kolb, the approach that